Conclusions The decreased memory T cells can improve AS, which may be related to the AMPK signaling pathway. Thus, AMPK in the memory T cells may serve as a target in the prevention and treatment of AS. 2019 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background Prolonged exposure to stress triggers depression, threatening human health. Thus, to thoroughly understand the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression is urgently needed. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS)-based lipidomic and metabolomic approaches has been used for discovering metabolite biomarkers to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic means. Thus, our study aimed to conduct integrated metabolomics and lipidomics to identify metabolites and lipids biomarkers in the hippocampus in rat models of CUMS-induced depression. Methods Twelve eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight 210±30 g) were randomly distributed to one of the following two groups (n=6) control or CUMS. Established UPLC-MS-based lipidomic and metabolomic approaches were used to determine the metabolites and lipids in the hippocampus of rats. SICMA-P and GraphPad software were performed to discover potential metabolites and lipids biomarkers in the hippocampus of rats between the two groups. Results A total of 35 potential metabolites and 171 lipids were identified and found to be mainly related to amino acid and lipid metabolism. These metabolites were involved in different metabolic pathways and connected to each other, which might participate in the occurrence and development of depression. Conclusions Our findings underlined the metabolites, lipids and metabolic pathways that were changed in the hippocampus in CUMS compared to the controls, providing novel insights in the metabolism in the hippocampus of rats and revealing the new lipid-related targets. 2019 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of micro-proteinuria in combination with ultrasonography of the left renal vein (LRV) in the diagnosis of orthostatic proteinuria (OP). Methods The patients with suspected OP received West test, upright lordotic position test, Robinson test, ultrasonography of the LRV, and detection of morning urine micro-proteinuria and micro-proteinuria after activity. The sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR) and Youden's index (YI) for micro-proteinuria, ultrasonography of the LRV and both of them in the diagnosis of OP were analyzed. Results From January 2013 to January 2018, 75 patients (M/F 38/37) were recruited. Sixty patients were diagnosed with OP (M/F 29/31, median age at onset 10.6±2.80 years); 15 patients had no OP (M/F 9/6, median age at onset 10.9±3.25 years); the LRV entrapment, urine Alb/Cr, IgG/Cr, and NAG/Cr after activity were significantly different between OP group and non-OP group (Z=-3.55, -4.10, -4.01, -3.04, P less then 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of urine Alb/Cr, IgG/Cr, NAG/Cr, and the ratio of anteroposterior (AP) for LRV in the hilar and narrow portions (a/b) was 0.84, 0.84, 0.76 and 0.58, respectively, and the best cut-off value was 13.2 mg/mmol, 2.52 mg/mmol, 0.64 U/mmol and 4.06, respectively. The combination of ultrasonography of the LRV and elevated micro-proteinuria after activity could achieve the Se, Sp, PPV, NPV, PLR (weighted by prevalence, W), NLR (W) and YI at 93.3% (95% CI 0.83-0.98), 66.7% (95% CI 0.39-0.87), 91.8% (95% CI 0.81-0.97), 71.4% (95% CI 0.42-0.90), 11.2 (95% CI 4.82-26.00), 0.40 (95% CI 0.17-0.97) and 60%, respectively, in the diagnosis of OP. Conclusions The micro-proteinuria in combination of ultrasonography of the LRV is helpful for the preliminary screening of OP in patients with suspected OP. 2019 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has become a significant problem for global public health. Currently, treatments program is minimal. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates (CREC) infections. Methods Resistance genes were detected using PCR with specific primers. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was also performed. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of polymyxin B (PMB) and tigecycline (TGC) antibiotics (Abs) alone and in combination with meropenem (MEM), amikacin (AMK), and levofloxacin (LEV) against CREC isolates. Apalutamide cell line The results were then compared with in vitro synergy testing results obtained from time-kill assays (TKAs), and the microdilution checkerboard method. Results The synergistic efficiency of PMB + TGC was also evaluated. Abs use clinically achievable concentrations to determine the antibacterial effects of the Ab. Similar sequence type (ST) classifications had a comparably resistant phenotype; PMB-based combination therapy is better than TGC-based combination therapy. Conclusions we found that the combination of PMB + AMK is promising for the treatment of AMK-sensitive CREC. The high-risk ST93 carrying the bla KPC-2 gene should be monitored. 2019 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background Cardiac surgery remains the gold standard treatment for select cohorts of patients with coronary artery and valvular heart diseases. It induces an acute systemic inflammatory response due to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), myocardial arrest, and surgical trauma. There is growing evidence that increased inflammation leads to greater complications and poorer outcomes for patients post cardiac surgery. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a promising marker of inflammation. This study assessed if NLR could predict postoperative atrial fibrillation and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing first-time on-pump cardiac surgery was performed. Postoperative atrial fibrillation and acute kidney injury within 7 days of surgery was recorded. Preoperative, day 1, and day 2 NLR were recorded. Potential confounders such as age, sex, comorbidities, and operative factors were included in univariate analysis. Backwards stepwise multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of these complications.